Solidago, also known as Goldenrod: a misunderstood, but wonderful and important native plant.
Goldenrods are often blamed for fall allergies, however, they are pollinated by insects, not the wind!
Ragweed is usually the culprit as this plant is wind-pollinated and causes up to half of all seasonal allergic reactions (source: Wikipedia). Goldenrod’s pollen grains are too heavy and sticky to disperse in the wind.
Faunal Associations: There are 100+ species of goldenrod in genus Solidago, mostly native to North America. Their bright yellow flowers are an important, late season nectar source for pollinators. Renowned entomologist, Doug Tallamy, states that goldenrods are “one of the best herbaceous native perennials for attracting and feeding wildlife.” His studies show that “goldenrods provide food and shelter for 115 butterfly and moth species in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic alone. More than 11 native bee species feed specifically on the plants, and in fall, monarch butterflies depend on them for nectar to fuel their long migrations. Even in winter, songbirds find nourishment from goldenrod seed heads long after the blossoms have faded.” (source)
Habitat: Around Lowell, goldenrods can be found near forests, fields, and roadsides, and more recently in gardens, as their benefits and beauty have become more appreciated by gardeners. They’re mostly found in sunny sites, but some species will also thrive in part shade.
Form & Flowers: A member of the aster family, these perennials grow from woody stems or creeping rootstocks (rhizomes). They can be as short as 2 inches or as tall as 3 feet. They have small, radiating flower heads consisting of both ray and disc flowers, mostly bright yellow. The stems (rounded or squared; smooth or hairy) and leaves (simple, alternate; some are toothed) can vary, which makes it challenging to differentiate among species.
There’s an abundance of goldenrod at Hawk Valley Farm and several other properties maintained by LP&CT.
Where have you seen goldenrod around Lowell? Let us know!
(originally featured as September 2019 Flora & Fauna Friday)
